
Exploring Textile Fabrics: Classification and Identification
Date: 2025/1/6 By: Winnie
Textile fabrics are fabrics knitted using different weaving methods. Knitted fabrics, according to the weaving method, there are two types weft-knitted fabrics and warp-knitted fabrics. Weft-knitted fabrics are often made of low-stretch polyester yarn or shaped polyester yarn, nylon yarn, cotton yarn, wool yarn, and other raw materials, and are knitted on various weft-knitting machines by using flat-needle organization, varied flat-needle organization, ribbed flat-needle organization, double-ribbed flat-needle organization, jacquard organization, and terry organization, and so on.
Common Textile Fabric Classification
From the perspective of vision and touch, textile fabrics can be divided into the following categories:
1. Soft fabric
Soft fabrics are generally lighter and thinner, with good drapes, smooth modeling lines, and natural stretching of the clothing silhouette. Soft fabrics mainly include knitted fabrics and silk fabrics with sparse fabric structure, as well as soft and thin linen fabrics. Soft knitted fabrics in clothing design often use straight-line concise modeling to reflect the human body’s beautiful curves; silk, linen and other fabrics are mostly seen in the loose type and tuck effect of the modeling, the performance of the fabric lines of the sense of flow.

2. Crisp fabric
The fabric has clear lines with a sense of volume and can form a plump clothing outline. Common cotton, polyester-cotton fabric, corduroy, linen, and a variety of medium-thick wool and chemical fiber fabrics, etc., this type of fabric can be used to highlight the accuracy of the design of the clothing modeling, such as suits, and suit design.

3. Glossy fabrics
Glossy fabrics have a smooth surface and reflect bright light, giving them a sense of sparkle. This type of fabric includes satin structure fabric. Most commonly used in night dresses or stage performance clothing, produces a gorgeous dazzling strong visual effect. Glossy fabrics in the performance of the dress modeling freedom is extensive, there can be a simple design or more exaggerated modeling way.

4. Heavy fabrics
Heavy fabrics are thick and firm, and can produce stable modeling effects, including various types of heavy tweeds and quilted fabrics. The fabrics have a sense of expansion, and should not be overly pleated and piled up, and the design is most appropriate for A-type and H-type modeling.

5. Transparent fabrics
Transparent type fabrics are light and transparent, with elegant and mysterious artistic effect. Including cotton, silk, chemical fiber fabrics, such as georgette, satin silk, chemical fiber lace and so on. In order to express the transparency of the fabric, commonly used lines of natural fullness, rich in changes in the H-type and round table type design modeling.

There are also functional fabrics, which are fabrics with special functions, such as flame retardant, anti-static, anti-acid, and alkali.
Identification of Textile fabrics Ingredients
Each textile fabric fiber, whether natural or synthetic, has unique properties that can be identified through visual inspection, tactile analysis, and burn testing.
1. Cotton fiber and hemp fiber
Both cotton and hemp fibers burn as soon as they are near flames and burn quickly with yellow flames and blue smoke. The difference between the two in the smell and ash after burning is that cotton emits a paper smell while hemp emits a plant ash smell. After burning, cotton has very little powdery ash, which is black or gray, while hemp produces a small amount of grayish-white powdery ash.
2. Wool fiber and silk
Wool fiber on fire smoke, blistering when burning, burning slower, emitting burnt hair smell, burnt ashes are mostly glossy black globular particles, finger pressure that is broken. Silk fire shrinkage into a ball, burning slower, accompanied by sibilance, exudes a burnt hair smell, burned into a small ball of black-brown ash, hand-twisted that is broken.
3. Nylon and Polyester
Nylon near the flame that is quickly curls into a white gel, in the flame melts and drops and blisters, no flame when burning, leaving the flame difficult to continue to burn, exudes a celery flavor, after cooling the light brown melt is not easy to crumble. Polyester scientific name polyester fiber, is easy to ignite, near the flame that is melting shrinkage, burning side of the melting side of the black smoke, yellow flame, exudes aromatic odor, burned ashes for the black-brown hard lumps, with a finger can be twisted.

4. Acrylic and Polypropylene
Acrylic fiber near the fire, softening melting shrinkage, black smoke on fire, the flame is white, away from the flame burns quickly, emitting the pungent smell of burning meat, burned ash for irregular black hard lumps, easy to break the hand twisting. Polypropylene fiber, polypropylene fiber, near the flame that is melting shrinkage, flammable, off the fire burns slowly and black smoke, the flame on the top end of the yellow, the bottom end of the blue, emitting a petroleum smell, burned ashes for the hard round light yellowish-brown particles, hand twisting fragile.
5. Vinylon and Polyvinyl Chloride
Vinylon is not easy to ignite, near the flame fusion contraction, burning a little flame at the top, to be melted into a gelatinous fiber flames become larger, with thick black smoke, emitting a bitter smell, after combustion, the rest of the black bead-like particles, can be crushed with a finger. Chlorine polyvinyl chloride fiber, is difficult to burn, off the fire that is, the flame is yellow, and the lower end of the green-white smoke, exudes an irritating pungent sour smell, after burning the ashes for the black-brown irregular hard lumps, fingers are not easy to twist and crush.
6. Spandex and Fluorine
Spandex melts and burns near fire, and the flame is blue when burning. It continues to melt and burn away from the fire, emitting a special pungent odor, and the ash after burning is soft and fluffy black ash. Fluorine is scientifically known as polytetrafluoroethylene fiber, and the ISO organization calls it fluorite fiber. It only melts near the flame, is difficult to ignite, and does not burn. The edge flame is blue-green carbonization, and it melts and decomposes. The gas is toxic, and the melt is hard round black beads. Fluorine fiber is often used in the textile industry to make high-performance sewing thread.
7. Viscose Fiber and Cuprammonium Fiber
Viscose fiber is flammable and burns very quickly. The flame is yellow and emits the smell of burning paper. After burning, there is little ash, which is a smooth, twisted light gray or off-white fine powder. Copper ammonium fiber, commonly known as tiger cotton, burns as soon as it is close to the flame. The burning speed is fast. The flame is yellow and emits an ester acid smell. After burning, there is very little ash, only a small amount of gray-black ash.
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